dronabinol - Synonyms for dronabinol | Synonyms Of dronabinol

Examples of "dronabinol"
Dronabinol was rescheduled in 1994 from annex I to annex II of the Narcotics Law ("Betäubungsmittelgesetz") in order to ease research; in 1998 dronabinol was rescheduled from annex II to annex III and since then has been available by prescription. whereas Δ-THC is still listed in annex I. Manufacturing instructions for dronabinol containing compendial formulations are described in the "Neues Rezeptur-Formularium".
Cannabis use disorder is defined in the fifth revision of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) as a condition requiring treatment. Several drugs have been investigated in an attempt to ameliorate the symptoms of stopping cannabis use. Such drugs include bupropion, divalproex, nefazodone, lofexidine, and dronabinol. Of these, dronabinol has proven the most effective.
Tinabinol (INN; SP-119) is a synthetic cannabinoid drug and analogue of dronabinol which was patented as an antihypertensive but was never marketed.
An overdose of dronabinol usually presents with lethargy, decreased motor coordination, slurred speech, and postural hypotension. Non-fatal overdoses have occurred.
Levonantradol (CP 50,556-1) is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Marinol) developed by Pfizer in the 1980s. It is around 30x more potent than THC, and exhibits antiemetic and analgesic effects via activation of CB and CB cannabinoid receptors. Levonantradol is not currently used in medicine as dronabinol or nabilone are felt to be more useful for most conditions, however it is widely used in research into the potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.
Nabilone entered the clinic in 1981 as an antiemetic. Synthetic THC (marinol, dronabinol) entered the clinic in 1985 as an antiemetic and again in 1991 as an appetite stimulant.
Dronabinol is marketed as Marinol, a registered trademark of Solvay Pharmaceuticals. Dronabinol is also marketed, sold, and distributed by PAR Pharmaceutical Companies under the terms of a license and distribution agreement with SVC pharma LP, an affiliate of Rhodes Technologies. Dronabinol is available as a prescription drug (under Marinol) in several countries including the United States, Germany, South Africa and Australia. In the United States, Marinol is a Schedule III drug, available by prescription, considered to be non-narcotic and to have a low risk of physical or mental dependence. Efforts to get cannabis rescheduled as analogous to Marinol have not succeeded thus far, though a 2002 petition has been accepted by the DEA. As a result of the rescheduling of Marinol from Schedule II to Schedule III, refills are now permitted for this substance. Marinol's U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for medical use has raised much controversy as to why natural THC is considered a schedule I drug.
In the U.S., the FDA has approved two oral cannabinoids for use as medicine: dronabinol and nabilone. Dronabinol, synthetic THC, is listed as Schedule III, meaning it has some potential for dependence, and nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, is Schedule II, indicating high potential for side effects and addiction. Nabiximols, an oromucosal spray derived from two strains of "Cannabis sativa" and containing THC and CBD, is not approved in the U.S., but is approved in several European countries, Canada, and New Zealand as of 2013.
An article published in the April–June 1998 issue of the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs found that "Healthcare professionals have detected no indication of scrip-chasing or doctor-shopping among the patients for whom they have prescribed dronabinol". The authors state that Marinol has a low potential for abuse.
Since 2003, the country's pharmacies distribute medicinal cannabis (pharmaceutical form of the natural plant) by prescription, in addition to other drugs containing cannabinoids (dronabinol, Sativex). Since 2003 it is a legal prescription drug known as "", available at the pharmacy. There are three different types of medical cannabis in the Netherlands; a fourth type is under consideration.
Although Δ-THC is still listed in annex I, in a few cases, patients have been able to obtain from the federal drug authority a special permit to import natural cannabis through a pharmacy. Manufacturing instructions for dronabinol containing compendial formulations are described in the "Neues Rezeptur-Formularium".
Nabitan (Nabutam, Benzopyranoperidine, SP-106, Abbott 40656) is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Marinol). It exhibits antiemetic and analgesic effects, most likely by binding to and activating the CB and CB cannabinoid receptors, and reduced intraocular pressure in animal tests, making it potentially useful in the treatment of glaucoma.
Nabitan has the advantage of being water-soluble, unlike most cannabinoid derivatives, and was researched for potential use as an analgesic or sedative, although it was never developed for clinical use and is not currently used in medicine, as dronabinol or nabilone were felt to be more useful. However it is sometimes used in research into the potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.
Cannabis preparations have been known as therapeutic agents against various diseases for millennia. The psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was found to be the principal mediator of the effects of cannabis. Synthetic THC is prescribed today, under the INN "dronabinol" or the brand name "Marinol", to treat vomiting and for enhancement of appetite, mainly in AIDS patients.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, dronabinol by INN), or more precisely its main isomer (−)-"trans"-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of cannabis. It can be a clear, amber or gold colored glassy solid when cold, which becomes viscous and sticky if warmed.
Dronabinol is the INN for a pure isomer of THC, (–)-"trans"-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, which is the main isomer found in cannabis. It is used to treat anorexia in people with HIV/AIDS as well as for refractory nausea and vomiting in people undergoing chemotherapy. It is safe and effective for these uses.
Cannabinoid medicines are available in pill form (dronabinol and nabilone) and liquid extracts formulated into an oromucosal spray (nabiximols). Oral preparations are "problematic due to the uptake of cannabinoids into fatty tissue, from which they are released slowly, and the significant first-pass liver metabolism, which breaks down Δ9THC and contributes further to the variability of plasma concentrations".
A 2007 review of the history of medical cannabis said cannabinoids showed potential therapeutic value in treating Tourette syndrome (TS). A 2005 review said that controlled research on treating TS with dronabinol showed the patients taking the pill had a beneficial response without serious adverse effects; a 2000 review said other studies had shown that cannabis "has no effects on tics and increases the individuals inner tension".
On October 18, 1985, the DEA issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to transfer "Synthetic Dronabinol in Sesame Oil and Encapsulated in Soft Gelatin Capsules" — a pill form of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, sold under the brand name Marinol — from Schedule I to Schedule II ("DEA 50 FR 42186-87"). The government issued its final rule rescheduling the drug on July 13, 1986 ("DEA 51 FR 17476-78"). The disparate treatment of cannabis and the expensive, patentable Marinol prompted reformers to question the DEA's consistency.
Columbia University, in collaboration with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), is undertaking a clinical trial that looks at the effects of combined medication on cannabis dependency, to see if lofexidine in combination with dronabinol is superior to placebo in achieving abstinence, reducing cannabis use and reducing withdrawal in cannabis-dependent patients seeking treatment for their marijuana use. Men and women between the ages of 18–60 who met DSM-IV criteria for current marijuana dependence were enrolled in a 12-week trial that started in January 2010.