giganotosaurus - Synonyms for giganotosaurus

Examples of "giganotosaurus"
The following cladogram shows the placement of "Giganotosaurus" within Carcharodontosauridae according to Sebastián Apesteguía et al., 2016:
It was similar in size to its close relative "Giganotosaurus", with the largest known individuals estimated as about in length or more and weighing similarly to Giganotosaurus. The longest individual for which Coria and Currie (2006) provided a concrete estimate in Table 1 ( apendix lll) is the animal to which femur MCF-PVPH-208.203 belonged; this individual is estimated as long.
As more carcharodontosaurids were discovered, their interrelationships became clearer. The group was defined as all allosauroids closer to Carcharodontosaurus than "Allosaurus" or "Sinraptor" by Thomas R. Holtz and colleagues in 2004. In 2006, Coria and Currie united "Giganotosaurus" and "Mapusaurus" in the carcharodontosaurid subfamily Giganotosaurinae based on shared features of the femur, such as a weak fourth trocanther, and a shallow, broad groove on the lower end. In 2008, Sereno and Stephen L. Brusatte united "Giganotosaurus", "Mapusaurus", and "Tyrannotitan" in the tribe Giganotosaurini. "Giganotosaurus" is one of the most complete and informative members of Carcharodontosauridae.
Bonaparte also discovered or described a number of archosaurs and primitive birds (such as "Iberomesornis"), and assisted with the study of other dinosaurs, like the "Giganotosaurus carolinii".
In 2009, for major parts of Episode 4 of ITV Series "Primeval" featuring a giganotosaurus, Dunsfold was used as the location for an unspecified London airport.
In 1999, Calvo referred an incomplete tooth, (MUCPv-52), to "Giganotosaurus"; this specimen was discovered near Lake Ezequiel Ramos Mexia in 1987 by A. Delgado, and is therefore the first known fossil of the genus. Calvo further suggested that some theropod trackways and isolated tracks (which he made the basis of the ichnotaxon "Abelichnus astigarrae" in 1991) belonged to "Giganotosaurus", based on their large size. The largest tracks are long with a pace of , and the smallest is long with a pace of . The tracks are tridactyl (three-toed) and have large and coarse digits, with prominent claw impressions. Impressions of the digits occupy most of the track-length, and one track has a thin heel. Though the tracks were found in a higher stratigraphic level than the main fossils of "Giganotosaurus", they were from the same strata as the single tooth and some sauropod dinosaurs that are also known from the same strata as "Giganotosaurus".
In the British science-fiction TV series Primeval, the plane is the setting of an episode, when it comes under attack from a Giganotosaurus.
In 1999, Reese E. Barrick and William J. Showers found that the bones of "Giganotosaurus" and "Tyrannosaurus" had very similar oxygen isotope patterns, with similar heat distribution in the body. These thermoregulatory patterns indicate that these dinosaurs had a metabolism intermediate between that of mammals and reptiles, and were therefore homeothermic (with a stable core body-temperature, a type of "warm-bloodedness"). The metabolism of an "Giganotosaurus" would be comparable to that of a mammalian carnivore, and would have supported rapid growth.
From this point on, the narrative alternatingly takes us between the work of Rodolfo Coria and the Early Cretaceous. Of all the species of dinosaurs featured, two receive the most focus: the "Argentinosaurus" and the "Giganotosaurus". The reason for this focus is easily explained by the fact that those two species are Coria's most important discovery. Of these species, the narrator presents two individuals "Strong One" (an "Argentinosaurus") and "Long Tooth" (a "Giganotosaurus").
In 2012, Matthew T. Carrano and colleagues noted that though "Giganotosaurus" had received much attention due to its enormous size, and in spite of the holotype being relatively complete, it had not yet been described in detail, apart from the braincase. They pointed out that many contacts between skull bones were not preserved, which lead to the total length of the skull being ambiguous. They found instead that the skulls of "Giganotosaurus" and "Carcharodontosaurus" were exactly the same size as that of "Tyrannosaurus". They also measured the femur of the "Giganotosaurus" holotype to be long, in contrast to the original measurement, and proposed that the body mass would have been smaller overall. In 2013, the American palaeontologist Scott Hartman published a Graphic Double Integration mass estimate (based on drawn skeletal reconstructions), wherein he found "Tyrannosaurus" ("Sue") to have been larger than "Giganotosaurus" overall. He estimated the "Giganotosaurus" holotype to have weighed , and the larger specimen . "Tyrannosaurus" was estimated to have weighed , and Hartman noted that it had a wider torso, though the two seemed similar in side view. He also pointed out that the "Giganotosaurus" dentary that was supposedly 8% larger than that of the holotype specimen would rather have been 6.5% larger, or could simply have belonged to a similarly sized animal with a more robust dentary. He conceded that with only one good "Giganotosaurus" specimen known, it is possible that larger individuals will be found, as it took most of a century to find "Sue" after "Tyrannosaurus" was discovered. In 2014, Nizar Ibrahim and colleagues estimated the length of "Spinosaurus" to have been over , by extrapolating from a new specimen scaled up to match the snout described by Dal Sasso and colleagues. This would make "Spinosaurus" the largest ever carnivorous dinosaur.
Coria and Currie note the presence of isolated bones from at least one longer individual, but do not provide a figure, instead finding the larger bones coherent with an individual of comparable size to "Giganotosaurus" holotype estimated at in length, although not with the same exact proportions, having taller and wider neural spines, a more elongate fibula (86 cm compared to 83.5 cm) but more slender (81-89% the width as in Giganotosaurus) as well as a wider pubic shaft in minimal dimensions (10% wider as indicated by a 7.8 cm long fragment catalogued as MCF-PVPH-108.145), and with a differently proportioned skull, shorter in length than Giganotosaurus because the maxilla is not elongate ( 12 tooth compared to 14 in Carcharodontosaurus) but deeper in proportion due to this, as well as also narrower (due to the narrow nassals). Considering this, a fragmentary maxilla is coherent with the size of the Giganotosaurus sized individual (MCF-PVPH-108.169) . A neural arch from an axis ( MCF-PVPH-108.83) and a scapular blade fragment are also the same exact size as the same elements in Giganotosaurus.
In "Dino Island", there are 20 pure, historical dinosaur species, including "Tyrannosaurus rex", "Troodon", "Giganotosaurus", "Parasaurolophus", "Iguanodon", "Ankylosaurus", and "Pachycephalosaurus". The dinosaurs are classified in 6 families: large carnivorous, armored quadrupeds, light bipeds, etc.
Episode 3.4 shows Mick Harper and Nigel Marven approaching a juvenile "Velociraptor" in an aircraft hangar, before Nigel was killed by the "Giganotosaurus" that followed it. "Velociraptor" also feature in Fire and Water.
She edited the science fiction and fantasy online magazine "Giganotosaurus" from 2010 to 2013, and is assistant editor of the PodCastle podcast. She served as the secretary of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America from 2012 to 2013.
Located in Villa El Chocón is the Ernesto Bachmann Paleonthological Museum, which exhibits several fossil remains found nearby, notably those of "Giganotosaurus". Also, close to Villa El Chocón, there were found several groups of fossil dinosaur footprints.
In 2005 Therrien and colleagues estimated the relative bite force of theropods (estimates in absolute values like newtons were impossible) and found that "Giganotosaurus" and related taxa had adaptations for capturing and bringing down prey by delivering powerful bites, whereas tyrannosaurs had adaptations for resisting torsional stress and crushing bones. The bite force of "Giganotosaurus" was weaker than that of "Tyrannosaurus", and the force decreased hindwards along the tooth row. The lower jaws were adapted for slicing bites, and it probably captured and manipulated prey with the front part of the jaws. These authors suggested that "Giganotosaurus" and other allosaurs may have been generalised predators that fed on a wide spectrum of prey smaller than themselves, such as juvenile sauropods. The ventral process (or "chin") of the lower jaw may have been an adaptation for resisting tensile stress when the powerful bite was delivered with the front of the jaws against the prey.
Rodolfo Coria also intervenes to answer a number of questions about the two species, such as whether the "Giganotosaurus" hunted in packs (yes, they did). The narrator explains that they derived this conclusion from research around the site where the "Giganotosaurus" was discovered, where several "Mapusaurus" were also found. The viewers are then witness to one of these hunting parties, as we go back to 90 million years B.C. to see Long Tooth fully-grown. She now lives in a pack and is stalking the "Argentinosaurus" herd. The victim chosen is "Strong One" and he gets wounded, but stands back and stops the "Giganotosaurus" pack from hunting. One of them is killed in the process and, displaying the cruelty of life, is eaten by "Long Tooth" and the others. "Sharp Feathers" (or another "Unenlagia") briefly interrupts, but is scared off by the giganotosaurs.
Part of the family Carcharodontosauridae, "Giganotosaurus" is one of the most completely known members of the group, which includes other very large theropods, such as the closely related "Mapusaurus" and "Carcharodontosaurus". "Giganotosaurus" is thought to have been homeothermic (a type of "warm-bloodedness"), with a metabolism between that of a mammal and a reptile, which would have enabled fast growth. It may have been relatively slow-moving, with a suggested running speed of . It would have been capable of closing its jaws quickly, capturing and bringing down prey by delivering powerful bites. The "chin" may have helped in resisting stress when a bite was delivered against prey. "Giganotosaurus" is thought to have been the apex predator of its ecosystem, and it may have fed on juvenile sauropod dinosaurs.
Cladistic analysis carried out by Coria and Currie definitively showed that "Mapusaurus" is nested within the clade Carcharodontosauridae. The authors noted that the structure of the femur suggests a closer relationship with "Giganotosaurus" than either taxon shares with "Carcharodontosaurus". They created a new monophyletic taxon based on this relationship, the subfamily Giganotosaurinae, defined as all carcharodontosaurids closer to "Giganotosaurus" and "Mapusaurus" than to "Carcharodontosaurus". They tentatively included the genus "Tyrannotitan" in this new subfamily, pending publication of more detailed descriptions of the known specimens of that form.
Chomper's Parents are a pair of "Tyrannosaurus", featured in both of Chomper's film appearances. They are sexually dimorphic, with Chomper's father being dark green and his mother having an olive green color. They are very protective of their son, as when they invade the Great Valley to search for his egg in "", and fighting to protect him from a "Giganotosaurus" in "". Although the two initially treat the protagonists as prey, they promise to spare them, as a reward for rescuing Chomper from the "Giganotosaurus". In "", a dark green Sharptooth resembling Chomper's father is chasing a herd of Dryosaurus.