SynonymsBot
Synonyms for xanthotoxin or Related words with xanthotoxin
isopimpinellin
bergapten
imperatoren
xanthotoxol
oxypeucedanin
bergaptol
imperatorin
angelicin
pseudohypericin
daphnoretin
umbelliferon
imperatorine
sphondin
methoxyvone
trioxsalen
herniarin
byakangelicin
marmesin
orientin
aesculetin
derrubone
oxoushinsunine
isopsoralen
harmane
lariciresinol
gentiopicrin
helenalin
diosmetin
oroxylin
hidrosmin
amentoflavone
apterin
dioscin
bergamotin
hypercin
liriodenine
nitidine
osthol
hyperoside
furocoumarin
apiin
isoimperatorin
palmatine
taspine
fraxetin
nodakenetin
quercetoside
cymarin
atromentin
quercetol
Examples of "xanthotoxin"
8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase converts xanthotoxol into
xanthotoxin
.
Cell cultures produce the coumarins umbelliferone, scopoletin, psoralen,
xanthotoxin
, isopimpinellin, rutamarin and rutacultin, and the alkaloids skimmianine, kokusaginine, 6-methoxydictamnine and edulinine.
One isomer of psoralen is angelicin, and most furocoumarins can be regarded as derivatives of psoralen or angelicin. Important psoralen derivatives include Imperatorin,
xanthotoxin
, bergapten and nodakenetin.
"A. majus" contains large amounts of the chemicals furanocoumarin,
xanthotoxin
, and bergapten. The furanocoumarin can cause phytophotodermatitis and hyperpigmentation. In India, "A. majus" is cultivated for the furancoumarins which are used to treat vitiligo and psoriasis.
It has several potential uses: (i) forage crop, (ii) Phytostabilization of heavy metal contaminated or degraded soils, (iii) Synthesis of furanocoumarins (psoralen, angelicin,
xanthotoxin
and bergapten), compounds of broad pharmaceutical interest.
Analysis shows the presence of estragole, ("E")-anethole, methyl chavicol, ("E")-foeniculin, β-pinene, sabinene, ("Z")-β-ocimene, germacrene B, ("E")-β-ocimene and terpinen-4-ol, ("Z")-tagetenone, ("E")-tagetenone, ("E")-nerolidol, germacrene D, methyl chavicol, myrcene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, 3-carene, β-humulene, coumarins of the furanocoumarin type - imperatorin, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanine, bergaptene,
xanthotoxin
, xanthotoxol and chalepin, geranylcoumarin (anisocoumarin A–I), furanocoumarin-lactone type (indicolactone, anisolactone), the tetranortriterpenoids limonin, zapoterin, clausenolide, carbazole alkaloids furanoclausamine A and B, clausamine B, C, D and E, mukonal, glycosinine, mukonidine and clausine F, the pyranocarbazole alkaloid mupamine.
Methoxsalen — also called
xanthotoxin
, marketed under the trade names Oxsoralen, Deltasoralen, Meladinine — is a drug used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some cutaneous lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to UVA light from lamps or sunlight. Methoxsalen modifies the way skin cells receive the UVA radiation, allegedly clearing up the disease. The dosage comes in 10 mg tablets, which are taken in the amount of 30 mg 75 minutes before a PUVA (psoralen + UVA) light treatment. Levels of individual patient PUVA exposure were originally determined using the Fitzpatrick scale. The scale was developed after patients demonstrated symptoms of phototoxicity after oral ingestion of Methoxsalen followed by PUVA therapy.
Several coumarins, including 2′-angeloyl-3′-isovaleryl vaginate, archangelicin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, bergapten, byakangelicin angelate, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, isopimpinellin, 8-[2-(3-methylbutroxy)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy]psoralen, osthol, ostruthol, oxypeucedanin, phellopterin, psoralen and
xanthotoxin
, can be isolated from a chloroform extract of the roots of "A. archangelica" as well as several heraclenol derivatives. The water root extract of "A. archangelica subsp. litoralis" contains adenosine, coniferin, the two dihydrofurocoumarin glycosides apterin and 1′-O-β-d-glycopyranosyl-(S)-marmesin (marmesinin), 1′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R)-3-hydroxymarmesin and 2′-β-d-glucopyranosyloxymarmesin.
The surface of the plant is covered in a mix of chemicals including psoralen,
xanthotoxin
and bergapten that causes a phototoxic reaction resulting in blistering two or three days after exposure. The moment of exposure is innocuous, without any untoward sensations to the unwary. Exposure of the affected skin to ultra violet light, such as contained in sunlight, triggers the effects of the plant's toxins, leading to severe itching and blistering. The welts and resulting blisters can be as small as the size of a coin to covering as much exposed skin as came into contact with the plant. Where more than 5% of the body is afflicted, the scarring can be a serious matter. Washing the affected area immediately after exposure may help but preventing any further exposure to ultra violet light such as the sun or many artificial light sources will reduce and /or eliminate blistering.